Atopic Dermatitis – Eczema

Atopic Dermatitis – Eczema

Atopic Dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema, is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of itching, typically beginning in young children under 5 years old and significantly decreasing in adulthood. In the United States, it is the most common type of eczema, affecting over 9.6 million children and approximately 16.5 million adults. Globally, it affects 20% of children and 3-5% of adults, and its prevalence is on the rise.

In Vietnam, according to estimates by the Ho Chi Minh City Dermatology Hospital in 2014, the incidence of atopic dermatitis accounted for up to 34% of all patients. This rate has increased 2-3 times over the past three decades and may continue to rise in the future.

Causes

The causes of atopic dermatitis result from the interaction of multiple factors, including:

• Environmental factors: These play a triggering role and may include environmental pollution, weather changes, house dust, food, bacteria, and viruses.
• Genetics: The exact genes responsible for atopic dermatitis are not yet precisely identified. The condition often combines with other allergies to form the “atopic triad”: asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Approximately 60% of adults with atopic dermatitis have children with the condition, and if both parents have it, the offspring have an 80% chance of developing it.
• Dysfunction of the skin’s barrier: This makes the skin more susceptible to attack by allergenic or non-allergenic agents.

Common Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis typically begins before the age of 5 and can persist into adulthood. The condition usually recurs in cycles and exhibits different manifestations depending on age.

Atopic dermatitis commonly causes itching and redness

• Mild cases: Experience dry and itchy skin areas, though not frequently (with or without small red bumps), minimally impacting daily activities, sleep, and psychosocial well-being.
• Moderate cases: Experience dry and frequently itchy skin areas, with redness (with or without fluid-filled blisters accompanied by localized skin thickening), moderately affecting daily activities and psychosocial well-being, and experiencing frequent sleep disturbances.
• Severe cases: Experience extensive dry skin areas, incessant itching, and redness (with or without widespread skin thickening, bleeding, oozing, cracking, and discoloration), severely impacting daily activities and psychosocial well-being, and experiencing nightly insomnia.

Studies

Study 1: Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has been identified as a therapeutic agent for pruritus (itching). There are two mechanisms by which HOCl may reduce itching:

1. Due to its antimicrobial properties, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis.
2. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which help reduce the activity of histamine, leukotriene B4, and interleukin-2, all of which contribute to the pathophysiology of ¹ pruritus.  

Pelgrift et al., Topical Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) as a Potential Treatment of Pruritus, 2013.

Study 2: The mechanism of action of HOCl on pruritus within the body.

Studies

HOCl non-selectively eradicates S. aureus, commensal bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In addition to microbial eradication, HOCl appears to influence Atopic Dermatitis through several other key mechanisms; it reduces T cell activation by antigen-presenting cells and the subsequent response of dermal inflammatory cells; decreases the IL-12 response, thereby inhibiting TH2 to TH1 shift and the chronicity of atopic dermatitis; decreases IgE production by B cells; decreases mast cell activation and histamine release; downregulates the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, leading to reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-4, IL-13, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine) and an allergic cytokine (TSLP); and reduces neuronal cell transmission of pruritic stimuli by decreasing intracellular calcium levels in the dorsal root ganglion.

Study 3: HOCl Gel Evaluated for Treatment of Pruritus Associated with Atopic Dermatitis

A 72-hour randomized, investigator-blind study; included 19 subjects treated with HOCl BID/PRN and 10 untreated subjects (controls); pruritus score ≥2 on a 4-point scale (Atopic Dermatitis patients); assessments included IGA, PGA, and VAS; IGA assessment included erythema, lichenification, scaling, and desquamation, and PGA included skin desquamation, stinging, itching, and burning; VAS pruritus score was a linear site for severity evaluation (0mm = none, 154mm = worst itch).

Mean changes from baseline were noted in IGA and PGA in the HOCl arm higher than the untreated (control) group (P = 0.012 and P = 0.128); mean % change in VAS pruritus scores was significantly improved in the HOCl group (-34.78) compared to the untreated (control) group (+24.56) (P = 0.007); 73.7% of the HOCl group and 30.0% of the untreated group noted decreased pruritus from baseline to 72 hours.

MiraChlor Antiseptic Solution

• Disinfects body parts
• Disinfects all surfaces, food, children’s toys and items
• Helps prevent infection in cuts, scrapes, and burns
• Deodorizes air, objects, and equipment

MiraChlor Medical Antiseptic

• Disinfection before, during, and after surgery
• Disinfection of wounds, ulcers, and surgical incisions

Flairosol Small Bottle

The Flairosol spray bottle is designed and manufactured for specialized use with unique solutions such as HOCl. The Flairosol spray bottle offers superior advantages:

• Luxury: The bottle is exquisitely and elegantly designed, suitable for all settings from a doctor’s treatment room, in a child’s backpack to school, to a beautiful accessory for a lady’s evening purse.
• Durability: Thanks to the patented liquid dispensing technology, Flairosol contains no compressed gas or other environmentally harmful substances, while its refill/refill function reduces waste, and once you use it, you will use it repeatedly.
• Superior Standards: Consistent top-tier performance, maximum convenience, safety and health certifications, and environmentally friendly.
• Special Feature: The small bottle is designed with a lock on the cap to prevent the spray trigger from being activated during movement (when storing the bottle in a purse or backpack), preventing solution leakage.